Which element is included in the planning of indirect fires in engagement area development?

In the context of engagement area development, planning and integrating indirect fires is a crucial element. Indirect fires, which often involve artillery, mortars, and other support systems that are not directly visible to the units on the ground, can significantly influence the outcome of an operation by providing fire support against enemy forces at a distance. This planning process includes understanding the terrain, the enemy's likely routes, and how best to position and time the indirect fire assets to maximize their effectiveness while minimizing risks to friendly forces.

By properly planning and integrating these fires, commanders can set the conditions for successful engagements, disrupt enemy movements, and create opportunities for friendly forces to maneuver effectively. This process also involves coordination with various support units and integrating their capabilities into the overall operational plan, ensuring that indirect fires are a synchronized part of the engagement area strategy.