Which characteristic would most likely enhance the effectiveness of a surprise attack?

The characteristic that most likely enhances the effectiveness of a surprise attack is audacity. This quality involves taking bold and decisive actions that catch the opponent off guard. A surprise attack relies heavily on the element of unpredictability, and audacity embodies the readiness to act in a daring manner, often leading to an unexpected and overwhelming impact on the adversary.

By demonstrating audacity, forces can disrupt the enemy's established plans and create confusion and disorder, which are critical for the success of a surprise attack. When an attack is conducted with an assertive and fearless approach, it can exploit the vulnerabilities of the enemy effectively, making it harder for them to respond or adapt.

Other characteristics like concentration and tempo play important roles in military operations. Concentration refers to the deployment of forces at a particular point to maximize combat effectiveness, while tempo relates to the speed and rhythm at which operations are conducted. However, neither of these traits alone guarantees the element of surprise that audacity brings. Therefore, audacity stands out as the key characteristic most closely associated with the effectiveness of surprise attacks.