How many major terrain features are identified in the content?

The identification of five major terrain features is foundational to understanding land navigation and map reading within military operations. The five major terrain features recognized are hills, valleys, ridges, depressions, and cliffs. Each of these features is essential for understanding the landscape, as they impact movements and tactical planning.

Hills are raised areas that provide high ground, which can be advantageous for observation and defense. Valleys are low areas that can be critical for movement and cover but may also present challenges, such as vulnerability to enemy attack. Ridges serve as linear high ground, often guiding movement or providing observation points. Depressions, which are lower than the surrounding terrain, can affect visibility and cover. Cliffs present vertical drops that can be significant obstacles, affecting navigation and positioning.

By recognizing and understanding these five major terrain features, leaders can make informed decisions regarding troop placement, movement, and the overall strategy during operations. This knowledge is reinforced through training and practical application during exercises, making it essential for successful mission planning and execution.